Tax & Financial - Corporation Startup

Business owners form corporations to safeguard their personal assets from business debts and liabilities. A properly formed and managed corporation can give you the freedom to conduct your business without worrying that you might lose a home, a car, or any of your personal savings because of a business obligation.

3 Reasons to Form a California Corporation:

Protection from personal liability for business debts
Perpetual existence, so the corporation continues even if an owner dies or leaves the business
No limit to the number of C Corporation shareholders, who need not be U.S. citizens or permanent residents

Get the Facts About California Filing Requirements:

We can form your for-profit corporation directly with the state without your signature.
The state typically completes filings within 2-3 weeks.
We can also help you form a nonprofit corporation with the Secretary of State.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a Corporate Seal?

A Corporate Seal is a customized embossing stamp that contains the name, date and state of formation of your company. In some jurisdictions a corporate seal can be required to open a company bank account. It is typically used on company documents to mark them as official. The Corporate seal is included in the Corporate/LLC Kit.

In What State Should I form my Corporation or LLC?

Unless you plan on having a large, multi-state operation, it is generally best to form your company in the state in which it is located.

Generally speaking, most states will expect you to be registered with them if there is substantial ongoing business and/or a physical presence in that state. If you do form your company in a state other than the one in which your company is located, you may ultimately need to register your company as a foreign (out of state) company with your home state, which will subject you to all of the fees, taxes, and regulations of that state.

Does forming a Corporation or LLC require an attorney?

No, it does not. An attorney is not a legal requirement to form a Limited Liability Company. While we always recommend consulting the appropriate legal and accounting specialists, we can take care of the filings for you and save you the attorney fees.

What is a registered agent and do I need one?

Almost every state requires a corporation or an LLC to have a Registered Agent (sometimes called a resident agent, statutory agent, or agent for service of process). The Registered Agent address is the address that will be used by the state for any official legal and tax correspondence. The Registered Agent address must be a physical, in-state street address; P.O. Boxes are not acceptable. If needed, IncFile can provide you with a Registered Agent for only $99.00 per year, and any official legal and tax correspondence from the state will be forwarded to your billing/shipping address.

NOTE: If you require us to provide a registered agent, the address cannot be used as a general business/mail forwarding address. Only official legal and tax correspondence from the state will be forwarded, and any other mailings to the registered agent may result in additional charges.

Partnerships
Sole Proprietorships
Start up business licensing

LLC. VS Corporation

C-Corporations are the oldest and probably most common type of large domestic company. Many product and services that people come across daily are provided by corporations.

And while Limited Liability Companies are a newer entity type than C-Corporations, they offer unique differences that the C-Corporation cannot provide (and vice versa), and in recent years have often become the entity type of choice for newer and smaller businesses.

One of the primary differences between the two is from the taxing standpoint. C-Corporations are subject to corporate income taxes that are completely separate from their owner(s). Because of this, C-corporations have a greater and more complex tax reporting responsibility than most companies.

This differs from an LLC, which passes profits through to the owner(s), who are then subject to only personal income tax (i.e. The LLC does not pay federal income taxes to the IRS, unlike a C-corporation). This helps avoid double taxation, which C-corporations may have to face if they pay dividends to their shareholders (the corporate income is taxed, and then, if the net income that is left after taxes is distributed to the shareholders, it is then taxed at the personal level at the prevailing dividend tax rate.

While this may seem like an advantage for an LLC, that is not always the case. Because of the Pass through” of profits, LLC owners must pay self employment taxes on profits in addition to their personal income taxes.

A second major difference between LLCs and C-Corporations is that of the ownership structure.

C-Corporations have sort of a hierarchal structure. Power is divided between stockholders, who then hire/appoint directors that make the overall decisions for the corporation, who in turn hire/appoint officers to run the day to day operations of the company. Stockholders with more shares are rewarded with more voting influence and profits.

While this is a standard for most C-corporations, it is not the case with an LLC.

LLCs are structured essentially like a partnership (or a sole proprietorship in the case of a single member/married couple LLC), but with the limited liability protection, similar to a corporation. Members (the generic term used for the owners of an LLC) run the company and make all decisions. The division of ownership, as well as the distribution of the profits (which may be the same or different from the distribution of ownership) as well as most other matters are decided by private agreement amongst the owners.

With an LLC, the owners make the rules in regards to profit distribution and power. A 5% shareholder could reap larger profits if the other owners deem it fair. Thus, and this is in general terms, LLCs are typically a better choice for smaller companies where only a few principals and workers are involved.

Also, an LLC doesn’t need multiple owners to exist; only one member is required in order to have an LLC by all states.

LLCs are also not required to hold corporate and shareholder meetings, which are a requirement for C and S Corporations.

They both have their distinct uses. In general terms, a C-Corporation may be a better choice for a larger entity with more shareholders, and it is also the best choice if there are plans to of equity ownership to a larger number of owners, whether in terms of private placement or taking the company public and having it listed on a stock exchange.

However, this also means a tiny C-corporation stockholder who contributes beyond his or her percentage of ownership will not be rewarded anything beyond what he or she would have normally received (unless the shareholder is compensated with salary or bonuses).

C- Corporation Vs S-Corporations

When someone thinks of a “corporation”, they are typically thinking of the two big types of corporations: C-corporations and S-corporations. While they are similar in many respects, they do have several differences that are noteworthy.

While both types are separate legal entities from their owners (shareholders), only C-Corporations operate as a separately taxed entity from their owners.

This means that the shareholders/employees/owners of a C-corporation pay tax on their personal salary, while the corporate profits are taxed separately (and often at a lower rate). The downside to this is that when the after-tax profit is dispersed as dividends, it is taxed again (although tax laws do change from time to time).

S-corporations are not treated as separate taxable entities like C-Corporations. Because of this, net income is passed through the S-Corporation to the personal income tax of the owner(s).

What does this mean? It means a completely different taxing structure. C-Corporations must file and pay taxes with the IRS, separately from he income/salary/bonuses of the owners and employees. The first $50,000 of taxable corporate income is federally taxed at a rate of 15%, and the next $25,000 is taxed at 25%.

S-Corporations do not face the same taxing burden. Because the profits pass through to the owners, the business does not have to file taxes in the traditional way. They simply need to file a form 1120S, which is similar to the filing required for a C-corporation, but it is only an informative document; no corporate income taxes are paid to the IRS for the S-corporation. The owners pay personal income taxes as follows: Compensation (in the form of salaries, bonuses, etc.) is treated as ordinary personal income for federal taxation purposes and are subject to payroll taxes, whereas after compensation corporate net income is distributed to the shareholders in proportion to their share of company ownership and is treated as a non-qualified dividend (i.e. Such income is taxed at the personal income tax rate, but is not subject to payroll or self-employment taxes).

Both corporations are controlled by shareholders - each “share” is actually a tiny stake in the company (i.e.: a common share of stock.) These shareholders have a limited personal liability, meaning they cannot lose more than they invest. It also means that their company will always exist, unless they choose to close it (and assuming that any reporting and tax requirements are met and kept current, and the corporation otherwise stays compliant with the law).

While there are generally no citizenship or residency requirements to be a shareholder of a C-corporation, this is not the case for an S-corporation. United States citizens and resident aliens are generally free to own shares, non-resident aliens are barred from ownership in an S-corporation.

While an S-Corporation can be perceived to have a better personal financial impact, they are subject to restraints that do not bind C-Corporations.

S-Corporations may not:

Exceed 100 shareholders.
Have shareholders who are non-resident aliens (with respect to the United States).
Have more than one class of stock.
Have shareholders that are other corporate entities; S-corporation shareholders must be natural persons.

C-Corporations are not subject to these restraints, giving them more room to grow and expand.

Both S and C-Corporations offer positives and negatives. While S-Corporations may have better circumstances with which to profit the principals (in most cases), C-Corporations have more flexibility, allowing them to expand beyond the scope of most S-Corporations.

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